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MacOS Big Sur elevates the most advanced desktop operating system in the world to a new level of power and beauty. Experience Mac to the fullest with a refined new design. Enjoy the biggest Safari update ever. Discover new features for Maps and Messages. A continental breakfast is a light morning meal. It's served buffet style, and it typically has fewer offerings than a traditional breakfast at a restaurant. Normally, it consists of bread products, fruit, fruit juice, coffee, and tea. Most often, you'll find continental breakfasts at hotels, motels, and events. Apr 4, 2014 - Explore Wendy Deyette's board 'Continental Breakfast Ideas' on Pinterest. See more ideas about continental breakfast, breakfast, breakfast buffet.

A handful of notes I made while building and packaging the new Intel/ARM universal binary of Rubber Band Audio for Mac. I might add to this if other things come up. See also my earlier notes about notarization.

Context

I'm using an ARM Mac – M1 or Apple Silicon – with macOS 11 'Big Sur', the application is in C++ using Qt, and everything is kicked off from the command line (I don't use Xcode).

To refer to machine architectures here I will use 'x86_64' for 64-bit Intel and 'arm64' for 64-bit ARM, since these are the terms the Apple tools use. Elsewhere they may also be referred to as 'amd64' for Intel, or 'aarch64' for ARM.

Universal binaries

A universal binary is one that contains builds for more than one processor architecture in separate 'slices'. They were used in the earlier architecture transitions as well. Some tools (such as the C compiler) can emit universal binaries directly when more than one architecture is requested, but this often isn't good enough: perhaps it doesn't fit in with the build system, or the architectures need different compiler flags or libraries. Then the answer is to run the build twice with separate output files and glue the resulting binaries together using the lipo Le clash des saisons mac os. tool which exists for the purpose.

How does the compiler decide which architecture(s) to emit?

The C compiler is a universal binary containing both arm64 and x86_64 'slices', and it seems to be capable of emitting either arm64 or x86_64 code regardless of which slice of its own binary you invoke.

Perhaps the clearest way to tell it which architecture to emit is to use the -arch flag. With this, cc -arch x86_64 targets x86_64, cc -arch arm64 targets arm64, and cc -arch x86_64 -arch arm64 creates a fat binary containing both architectures.

If you don't supply an -arch option, then it targets the same architecture as the process that invoked cc. The architecture of the invoking process is not necessarily the native machine architecture, so you can't assume that a compiler on an ARM Mac will default to arm64 output.

I imagine the mechanism for this is simply that the x86_64 slice of the compiler emits x86_64 unless told otherwise, the arm64 slice emits arm64 likewise, and when you exec the compiler you get whichever slice matches the architecture of the process you exec it from.

There's also a command called arch that selects a specific slice from a universal binary. So you can run arch -x86_64 make to run the x86_64 binary of make, so that any compiler it forks will default to x86_64. Or you can do things like arch -arm64 cc-arch x86_64 to run the arm64 binary of the compiler but produce an x86_64-only binary.

If you invoke a compiler directly from the shell without any of the above going on, then you get the machine native architecture. I assume this is just because a login shell is itself native.

For my builds I found it helpful to provide a cross-compile file to tell Meson explicitly which options to use for the architecture I wanted to target. That avoids the defaults being just an accident of whichever architecture Meson (or its Python interpreter, or Ninja) happened to be running in, without having to litter the build file with explicit architecture selections. I then scripted the build twice from a separate deployment script, using a different cross file for each, rather than try to have a single Meson file build both at once.

How do I target a particular version of macOS?

Use a flag like -mmacosx-version-min=10.13 at both compile and link time.

For ARM binaries, the oldest version you can target is 11. But you can still build a universal binary that combines this with an Intel binary built for an older version, and the result should run on those earlier versions of macOS as well.

How does a version of macOS decide whether my binary is compatible with it?

I had this question because I had built a universal binary (as above) in which the Intel slice was, I thought, built for macOS 10.13 or newer, but when I brought it to a machine with macOS 10.15 it showed as incompatible in the Finder and could not be opened there.

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The answer is that it looks at the relevant architecture slice of the universal binary, and inspects it to find a Mach-O version number. In 'older' versions of the macOS SDK this version is written using the LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX load command; in 'newer' versions (I'm not quite sure when the cutoff is) it is tagged as the minos value of the LC_BUILD_VERSION load command instead. The linker quite logically decides which load command to write based on the value of the version number itself, so if you build -mmacosx-version-min=10.13 you get a binary with LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX specified.

You can display a binary's version information with the vtool tool, and it also appears in the list of information printed by otool -l. In theory you can also change this tag using vtool, but (a) that's a bad idea, fix it in the build instead and (b) vtool Celestial crossing mac os. segfaulted when I tried it anyway.

And after all that, in my case the cause turned out to be that I'd failed to supply the -mmacosx-version-min flag at link time.

Why is my program being killed on startup?

It appears that if you build a program for one architecture and then rebuild it for the other arch to the same executable file without deleting the executable in between, sometimes it doesn't run: it just gets 'killed (9)' on startup. I failed to discover why and I failed to reproduce it just now in a test build. I guess if that happens, delete the executable between builds.

* * *

Bonus grumble about Mac trackpad and mouse options

This is not useful content. Please do not attempt to read it

I haven't used a Mac in such earnest for a while now, so of course I've been rediscovering things about macOS that I don't get on with. One that I find particularly maddening is the way it handles scroll direction for the trackpad and an external mouse.

I switch between the two a lot, and I like to use the 'natural scrolling' direction (touchscreen-like, so your fingers are 'pushing' the content) with the trackpad, but the opposite with the mouse, which has a scroll wheel or wheel-like scrolling zone whose behaviour I became accustomed to before touchscreen devices started sprouting everywhere.

Fortunately, macOS provides separate touchpad and mouse sections in the system preferences, which contain separate switches for the scroll direction of the trackpad and mouse respectively.

Unfortunately, when you change one of them, the other one changes as well. They aren't separate options at all – they're just two different switches in different windows that happen to control the same single internal option! So every time I go from trackpad to mouse or back again, I have to also go to system preferences and switch the scroll direction by hand. That is so stupid.

(Linux and Windows both have separate options that actually work as separate options. Of course they do. Why would they not?)

macOS Big Sur elevates the most advanced desktop operating system in the world to a new level of power and beauty. Experience Mac to the fullest with a refined new design. Enjoy the biggest Safari update ever. Discover new features for Maps and Messages. Get even more transparency around your privacy.

Chances are, your Mac can run macOS Big Sur

The following models are supported:

• MacBook (2015 or later)
• MacBook Air (2013 or later)
• MacBook Pro (Late 2013 or later)
• Mac mini (2014 or later)
• iMac (2014 or later)
• iMac Pro (2017 or later)
• Mac Pro (2013 or later)

To see which model you have, click the Apple icon in your menu bar and choose About This Mac.

Make sure you're ready to upgrade.

Before you upgrade, we recommend that you back up your Mac. If your Mac is running OS X Mavericks 10.9 or later, you can upgrade directly to macOS Big Sur. You'll need the following:

• OS X 10.9 or later
• 4GB of memory
• 35.5GB available storage on macOS Sierra or later*
• Some features require an Apple ID; terms apply.
• Some features require a compatible internet service provider; fees may apply.

Upgrading is free and easy

Upgrading from macOS Catalina 10.15 or Mojave 10.14?

Go to Software Update in System Preferences to find macOS Big Sur. Click Upgrade Now and follow the onscreen instructions.

Upgrading from an older version of macOS?

If you're running any release from macOS 10.13 to 10.9, you can upgrade to macOS Big Sur from the App Store. If you're running Mountain Lion 10.8, you will need to upgrade to El Capitan 10.11 first.

If you don't have broadband access, you can upgrade your Mac at any Apple Store.

• OS X 10.9 or later
• 4GB of memory
• 35.5GB available storage on macOS Sierra or later*

• Some features require an Apple ID; terms apply.
• Some features require a compatible internet service provider; fees may apply.

For details about your Mac model, click the Apple icon at the top left of your screen and choose About This Mac. These Mac models are compatible with macOS Big Sur:

• MacBook (2015 or later)
• MacBook Air (2013 or later)
• MacBook Pro (Late 2013 or later)
• Mac mini (2014 or later)

• iMac (2014 or later)
• iMac Pro (2017 or later)
• Mac Pro (2013 or later)

Siri

Requires a broadband internet connection and microphone (built-in or external).

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Hey Siri

Supported by the following Mac models:

• MacBook Pro (2018 or later)
• MacBook Air (2018 or later)
• iMac Pro (2017 or later)

Dictation, Voice Control, and Voice Memos

Requires a microphone (built-in or external).

Spotlight Suggestions

Requires a broadband internet connection.

Gestures

Requires a Multi-Touch trackpad, Force Touch trackpad, Magic Trackpad, or Magic Mouse.

Force Touch gestures require a Force Touch trackpad.

VoiceOver gestures require a Multi-Touch trackpad, Force Touch trackpad, or Magic Trackpad.

Photo Booth

Requires a FaceTime or iSight camera (built-in or external) or USB video class (UVC) camera.

FaceTime

Audio calls require a microphone (built-in or external) and broadband internet connection.

Video calls require a built-in FaceTime camera, an iSight camera (built-in or external), or a USB video class (UVC) camera; and broadband internet connection.

Apple TV

High dynamic range (HDR) video playback is supported by the following Mac models:

• MacBook Pro (2018 or later)
• iMac Pro (2017 or later)
• Mac Pro (2019) with Pro Display XDR

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Dolby Atmos soundtrack playback is supported by the following Mac models:

• MacBook Air (2018 or later)
• MacBook Pro (2018 or later)

Sidecar

Supported by the following Mac models:

• MacBook (2016 or later)
• MacBook Air (2018 or later)
• MacBook Pro (2016 or later)
• Mac mini (2018 or later)
• iMac (late 2015 or later)
• iMac Pro (2017 or later)
• Mac Pro (2019)

Supported by all iPad models with Apple Pencil support:

• 12.9-inch iPad Pro
• 11-inch iPad Pro
• 10.5-inch iPad Pro
• 9.7-inch iPad Pro
• iPad (6th generation or later)
• iPad mini (5th generation)
• iPad Air (3rd and 4th generation)

Continuity Camera

Requires an iPhone or iPad that supports iOS 12 or later.

Continuity Sketch and Continuity Markup

Requires an iPhone with iOS 13 or later or an iPad with iPadOS 13 or later.

Handoff

Requires an iPhone or iPad with a Lightning connector or with USB-C and iOS 8 or later.

Instant Hotspot

Requires an iPhone or iPad with cellular connectivity, a Lightning connector or USB-C, and iOS 8.1 or later. Requires Personal Hotspot service through your carrier.

Universal Clipboard

Requires an iPhone or iPad with a Lightning connector or with USB-C and iOS 10 or later.

Auto Unlock

Requires an Apple Watch with watchOS 3 or later or an iPhone 5 or later.

Approve with Apple Watch

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Requires an Apple Watch with watchOS 6 or later or an iPhone 6s or later with iOS 13 or later.

Apple Pay on the Web

Requires a MacBook Pro or MacBook Air with Touch ID, an iPhone 6 or later with iOS 10 or later, or an Apple Watch with watchOS 3 or later.

Phone Calling

Requires an iPhone with iOS 8 or later and an activated carrier plan.

SMS

Requires an iPhone with iOS 8.1 or later and an activated carrier plan.

Home

Requires an iPhone with iOS 12 or later and a configured Home app.

AirDrop

AirDrop to iOS and iPadOS devices requires an iPhone or iPad with a Lightning connector or with USB-C and iOS 7 or later.

AirPlay

AirPlay Mirroring requires an Apple TV (2nd generation or later).

AirPlay for web video requires an Apple TV (2nd generation or later).

Peer-to-peer AirPlay requires a Mac (2012 or later) and an Apple TV (3rd generation rev A, model A1469 or later) with Apple TV software 7.0 or later.

Time Machine

Requires an external storage device (sold separately).

Maps electric vehicle routing

Requires an iPhone with iOS 14 and a compatible electric vehicle.

Maps license plate restrictions

Requires an iPhone running iOS 14 or an iPad running iPadOS 14.

Boot Camp

Allows Boot Camp installations of Windows 10 on supported Mac models.

Exchange Support

Mac Os Catalina

Requires Microsoft Office 365, Exchange 2016, Exchange 2013, or Exchange Server 2010. Installing the latest Service Packs is recommended.

Windows Migration

Supports OS X 10.7 or later and Windows 7 or later.

App Store

Available only to persons age 13 or older in the U.S. and many other countries and regions.

Photos

The improved Retouch tool is supported on the following Mac models:

• MacBook Pro (15-inch and 16-inch models) introduced in 2016 or later
• iMac (Retina 5K models) introduced in 2014 or later
• iMac (Retina 4K models) introduced in 2017 or later
• iMac Pro (2017 or later)
• Mac Pro introduced in 2013 or later

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• Apple News
• App Store
• Automator
• Calculator
• Calendar
• Chess
• Contacts
• Dictionary
• DVD Player
• FaceTime
• Find My
• Font Book
• Home
• Image Capture
• Launchpad
• Mail
• Maps

• Messages
• Mission Control
• Music
• Notes
• Photo Booth
• Photos
• Podcasts
• Preview
• QuickTime Player
• Reminders
• Safari
• Siri
• Stickies
• Stocks
• System Preferences
• TextEdit
• Time Machine
• TV
• Voice Memos

• Activity Monitor
• AirPort Utility
• Audio MIDI Setup
• Bluetooth File Exchange
• Boot Camp Assistant
• ColorSync Utility
• Console
• Digital Color Meter
• Disk Utility

• Grapher
• Keychain Access
• Migration Assistant
• Screenshot
• Screen Time
• Script Editor
• Sidecar
• System Information
• Terminal
• VoiceOver Utility

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